Plate Chemical Filter is a high-efficiency air filtration device widely used in industrial, laboratory and home environments. Its working principle combines the dual mechanisms of physical filtration and chemical adsorption to effectively remove particulate matter and gaseous pollutants in the air and provide clean air.
1. Physical filtration mechanism
The physical filtration part of the plate chemical filter is usually composed of multiple layers of fiber materials, such as glass fiber, polyester fiber or other high-efficiency filter media. These fiber materials capture suspended particles in the air by mechanical blocking. The specific mechanisms include:
Interception: When air flows through the filter material, larger particles are directly captured by the fiber, which is mainly for particles larger than 1 micron.
Inertial collision: Particles in the air deviate from the airflow trajectory due to inertia, hit the filter fiber and are captured, mainly suitable for medium-sized particles (0.1 to 1 micron).
Diffusion: For smaller particles (less than 0.1 micron), Brownian motion (random motion) causes them to deviate from the airflow path, and eventually collide with the filter fiber and be captured.
Electrostatic adsorption: Some filter materials have static charges, which can adsorb charged particles and enhance the filtration effect.
The physical filtration mechanism mainly targets particulate pollution, such as dust, pollen, bacteria, etc., and through the combination of these mechanisms, efficient particle filtration is achieved.
2. Chemical adsorption mechanism
Chemical adsorption is the core technology of plate-type chemical filter elements, which is used to remove gaseous pollutants in the air, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), acidic gases, alkaline gases, etc. The chemical adsorption mechanism mainly relies on the following materials:
Activated carbon: Activated carbon has an extremely high specific surface area and rich pore structure, which can capture gaseous pollutants through physical adsorption and chemical adsorption. Activated carbon can remove various organic gases, such as benzene, toluene and formaldehyde.
Chemical adsorbent: Some filter elements add chemical reagents such as potassium permanganate, phosphate, etc. on the basis of activated carbon for chemical reaction adsorption of specific gases. For example, potassium permanganate can oxidize and adsorb hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide.
Nanomaterials: In recent years, the development of nanotechnology has enabled some nanomaterials, such as nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) and nano silver, to be used in filter elements to enhance their decomposition and adsorption capabilities for specific gases.
3. Structural design
Plate chemical filter elements are usually designed as multi-layer structures, each layer has different filtering and adsorption functions. Typical structures include:
Pre-filtration layer: preliminary filtration of larger particles to protect the subsequent high-efficiency filtration layer.
High-efficiency filtration layer: composed of high-efficiency filter materials (such as HEPA or ULPA), mainly capturing tiny particles.
Chemical adsorption layer: contains activated carbon or other chemical adsorption materials, specifically removing gaseous pollutants.
Support structure: use a support net or frame to ensure the mechanical strength of the filter element and the uniformity of air flow.
4. Performance and application
The performance evaluation of plate chemical filter elements mainly includes:
Filtration efficiency: the ability of the filter element to capture particles of different particle sizes, usually expressed as a percentage. High-efficiency filter elements (HEPA) can achieve an efficiency of more than 99.97% for 0.3 micron particles.
Adsorption capacity: the amount of gaseous pollutants adsorbed by the filter element, usually expressed in weight or volume. The adsorption capacity of activated carbon is closely related to its specific surface area and pore structure.
Air resistance: the resistance of the filter element to air flow directly affects the air volume and energy consumption of the air purification equipment.
Plate chemical filter elements are widely used in:
Industrial waste gas treatment: remove harmful gases such as VOC, acidic gases and toxic gases generated during the production process.
Laboratory environment: ensure laboratory air quality, prevent chemical reagent volatilization and biological contamination.
Home air purification: improve indoor air quality, remove decoration pollutants such as formaldehyde and benzene, as well as allergens such as pollen and pet hair.
5. Future development
The development direction of plate chemical filter elements includes:
New material development: explore more efficient and environmentally friendly adsorption materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes.
Intelligent design: combine the Internet of Things technology to realize filter element service life monitoring and intelligent replacement reminder.
Green manufacturing and recycling: improve the environmental protection of the filter element production process, and design recyclable and renewable filter materials.
Through the above mechanisms and materials, plate chemical filter elements play an important role in the field of air purification, continuously improving people's quality of life and working environment.
